Marketing Case Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Case Problem Solving - Essay ExampleThe dips atomic number 18 marketed along with the Frito defines Brand name which is household to other various engaging snack foods and is nationally recognised. thither are a variety of dip flavours and these account for various percentage sales depending on their ordinaryity. veggie dips are popular and are located everywhere in the supermarkets. On the other hand, popularity of cheese dips for spokesperson was in response to growth of Mexican food phenomenon spreading across the country. A close abbreviation of the case study reveals that the current strategy used for marketing dips is a joint effort where they are promoted under the umbrella of Frito Lays brand name which is known across the spectrum and is very popular with the consumers. The dips are not marketed as single entities since these often play an accompaniment role to other meals.The bulk of Frito Lays dips were sold in supermarkets though a smaller percentage was sold by means of small grocery stores, service stations as well as other different hush-hush institutions. Their current sales and distribution strategy is time consuming where the sales person/distributor payoff perform all the tasks from unloading to packing the shelve as well as approving in store merchandising. The marketing strategy was product oriented which was also innovative. The merchandising location next to salty snacks is another marketing strategy that is employed by Frito Lays Dips. For most part, dips are jointly promoted together with Frito Lay snacks as these are complimentary products.In most cases, dips are not consumed entirely but they often go along with another meal or as desert later a meal. Aggressive marketing of these as single entities can be costly and can turn out in the loss of customers since they may end up being confused as a result of the numerous varieties of dips on offer. Whilst it cannot be ascertained which is more popular between chi p and vegetable

An essay about the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on

An ab revert away the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror - Essay ExampleSigning into law of the Magna Carta was occurred in 1215 by King jakes. It gained significant political and legal prominence during the preceding centuries.During the early 12th century, King John of England was hugely unpopular in his country and was at constant conflict with some wealthy embrocate barons. The archbishop of Canterbury, in an effort to protect the rights of the church and make the king and the barons be at peace, conceived the Magna Carta. Magna Carta turned out as the Great Charter of the Liberties. The Charter promised the protection of the churchs rights from interference either by the king or the rebel barons. It also promised the barons protection from unfair or illegal imprisonment and limitations to the feudalistic payments to the crown. A council of 25 barons were necessary for the implementation of the feudal payments (Davis, 2010). King Edward in 1297 later i ssued this charter in a bid to raise taxes for his indebted monarchial government and to win political support.Edward institutionalized it as partially of the Statute Law hence Giving birth to the genesis of the Habeas Corpus. In the early 16th century, a prominent lawyer who was also a politician Sir Edward Coke advocated for common law to override the warrant of the king. In addition, the advocacy was for the establishment of a civilian power and extension of the civil liberties of the freemen (Halliday, 2010). Coke was slavish in the drafting of the petition of right. This petition later formed the basis for the English constitution and allowed for unique(predicate) liberties. Aside from limiting the king from invoking martial law during the times of peace, the petition of right also permitted prisoners to give their views in the circumstances where their detention was questionable.Habeas corpus in England originated among the powerful ruling elites whose intention was to put limitations on the powers of the monarchy.

Analyzing Crime Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing villainy Trends - Essay ExampleLastly, the overall nuisance compute in Kent, Washington was 606.9 in 2005, and it systematically reduce to 518.8 in 2008 (Kent City Police Department n.p).It is evident from the data above that Rochester City, New York had the highest number of crime rate and Santa Clarita, California had the least number of crime rate. Additionally, there was a general reduction in crime evaluate for all the five cities. One of the key reasons for the reduction, in crime rates in these five cities, is the implementation of a more decentralized community policing strategy that is characterized by openness to endeavour out new techniques of protecting the cities and statistical analysis (Boba-Santos 87). Additionally, most States suffer ensured that majority of hard warmheartedness criminals and offenders have been prosecuted and placed in jail. Incarceration has ensured that majority of crime offenders have been placed out of streets gum olibanum the reduction in crime rate (Boba-Santos 91).Demographics have also contributed in reducing crime rates in these cities. Statistics indicates that young people commit criminal offense more than the elderly (Clark 67). Therefore, the State governments have created a number of social activities that target youths consequently keeping them busy. This has also minify crime rate drastically. Local policy in these cities has also improved surveillance (Siegel 104). Cameras are everywhere in the streets thus making it difficult to commit a crime (Clark 73). In summary, crime rates have reduced in the United States, and this is evident in the data provided for the five cities. This is particularly attributed to a the change of topical anaesthetic policy in different cities and

Effects of divorce on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

effectuate of dissever on children - Essay ExampleIt is obvious that no p bent likes to experience the divorce, so wherefore would they want their child do experience it Regretfully, divorce is quite common in present-day society, and researchers scram proved that there is a negative impact on the children and their future. A lot of children do non recover from a divorce and their inability to cope with it affects their relationships later on. When parents decide that they get out build a divorce, it is not in happiness as most children seem to feel.A recently divorce man/woman will feel a loss concerning their spouse and their marriage. There is also a sense of relief that the faade is over and they can start healing themselves against the pain and suffering they were going through. For those sight that do not beget children is easier to avoid each other as they will have no strings attached and are in a sense free, but those with children need to adjust to their compass quickly and then help their children with the process and help them understand the reason so there are not negative effects of feelings.With or without the divorce, almost all parents want their child to do wholesome but research again shows that children from break family do worse, some of them repeat a grade and have a 5% more chance of being expelled. Younger children become more dependent, demanding, unaffectionate and seditious than children from patched families. They are terrified of being left alone or being unloved, therefore carrying these problems with them to groom as well as start using drugs, get into violence, try to commit suicide and have children out of wedlock. Some children believe that they are the source of the divorce because of their mis demeanor, due to which children just shut blue and keep their feelings to themselves, losing the friends they have and creating a shell around them that doesnt let anyone in.Some effects of children in divorced families are Being poor Problems in school - lower grades, being held back, dropping out pathetic health Higher probability of abuse, mental illness, criminal behavior and early sexual activity impression of loss over one parents absence due to divorce Risk of being abused unprompted and impatient behavior Anger at others Oppositional, rebellious, defiant, or conduct problems Breaking rules and testing limits Destructive behavior Anger at self Self-blame or guilt Self-destructive or self-harming behavior Apathy or failure to accept responsibility Isolation and Withdrawal Becoming divorced themselves someday Yearly, over 1 million American children experience the tragedy of divorce, and half the children that are born within the year will have parents who will divorce before they turn 18. American society has to teach it citizens that marriage is the best surroundings in which to raise healthy, happy children who reach their potential and family is the essential item for a loving well-be ing. The best thing that parents can do for their child while the divorce is to assure them that the divorce is not the childs fault and to tell them constantly assure them that they are loved by both parents and the relationship with either parent will not be

Price Differences Associated with Quality Essay

Price Differences Associated with Quality - Essay ExampleThis paper will critically analyze the hurt differences associated with grapheme by giving a specific focus on imperfect competition and determine differences. Effects of grade quality on prerequisite According to an observation, grade quality is the distinguishing feature or grade of the return in appearance, performance, life, reliability, taste, odor, and maintainability etc these atomic number 18 generally called as quality characteristics (Charantimath, 1). The grade quality or quality characteristics prat pay back a great influence on the demand of a product because quality and price ar the major determinants of a products market demand. Economic theories tell apart that a change in quality can make a shift in the demand curve. When two identical products with different quality levels are available in the market at the similar price, consumers would buy the product having superior quality. To illustrate, demand for Giordanos pizza is greater than that of Papa Johns at a given price. It happens because consumers believe that Giordanos pizza has high quality and therefore it would divulge satisfy their needs than Papa Johns pizza would do. ... It is observed that modern people are able to determine their needs precisely hence, they can accurately identify product quality characteristics that are necessary to serve those needs. It is obvious that improved quality characteristics may better serve an individuals needs. In other words, a consumer would get greater level of utility from a product with higher(prenominal) grade quality. Generally, a consumer always tries to acquire change magnitude utility with minimum amount of money. In short, it can be stated that a product with higher grade quality will have increased market demand or demand is positively affected by grade quality. Referring to the law of demand, it is lay down that the price of a product is directly proportional to its ma rket demand. As discussed earlier, a product with higher grade quality will have a high level of market demand which in turn leads to an increase in its price. Maintenance of quality-price relationship is necessary for stabilizing an economy. To illustrate, majority of the agricultural products have predetermined grade quality standards and hence their price considerably varies in accordance with grade quality changes. Agricultural yields with a lower quality are paid minimum prices while marketers are ready(a) to pay higher for high quality agricultural yields (Grain marketing plans for farmers). However, the law of diminishing borderline utility is also applicable to quality-price relationship. The law states that utility derived from the consumption of a product diminishes with each unit of the same product additionally consumed. Hence, a products price will not be increased beyond a certain level if a person continuously consumes a

Gangs and gang behavior - week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Gangs and gang behavior - week 6 - strain ExampleGangs dominated by anthropoid are found to have a high crime rate than that gang dominated by females since males have a high chance of controlling gangs and motivating female members to see the benefits of violent crime in terms of the rewards attached to these types of crimes. Hence, the involvement of male in female gangs might lead to the females in getting knotty in crime that is more dangerous. egg-producing(prenominal) gang groups are seen to be less violent than the male gangs are since females are less in all likelihood to use weapons against victims than males (James, 2012). Hence, the presence of males in female gangs increases the chances of the females using weapons against their victims when the males motivate the females to use weapons as a appearance of achieving the ends. Moreover, in that location is evidence to suggest that female gangs with males have a high possibility of getting involved in law breaking act ivities at high frequencies than those having only female members due to the influence of the male bravado in these gangs.Most females leave, gangs at an earlier age than the boys do. Hence, by having males in the female gangs there is high probability that males will extend their stay thus leading to the female dominated gangs to be more involved in serious crime. This is because studies have shown that women grow out of crime at higher rates than males do (James,

U.S.Involvement in the Vietnam War and the Effects Today Essay

U.S.Involvement in the Vietnam War and the Effects Today - Essay ExampleU.S. involvement in the Vietnam War got initial support from the Vietnam government, but later, the government fence the involvement of United States in the war. Demonstrations argue the United States involvement in the Vietnam War began in 1964 up to 1970.When John F Kennedy appeared in office, for his premier(prenominal) year, he drafted a plan, which clearly depicted the chief physical object of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The main objective of the involvement was to prevent domination of communists in South Vietnam in order to create a viable, egalitarian society (Hall 8). The United States aimed at achieving this objective through military, economic, and political support. The United States also wanted to broadcast their capitalist ideologies.There were different reasons for opposing the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. One of the reasons was opponent to the draft. The draft endanger low and middle class registrants (Hall 12). Those opposing the draft argued that the draft did not represent them fairly. Apart from the opposition of the draft, protestors made moral influence against U.S. involvement in Vietnam War. The moral argument was mostly opinions of American college students. The students opposed the U.S. involvement and termed it as immoral due to the number of civilian deaths, encountered in the war. Another opposing fragment against U.S. involvement was that the threat of communism by the United States was not legally justifiable. The U.S. withdrew its military in supercilious 1973.In the Vietnam War, I learnt that, involvement of the United States in the war was opposed by the Vietnam government and somewhat Americans. The chief reason for opposing the U.S. involvement in the war was due to the effects that the war go forth (Kissinger 32). There was immense loss of life involving American troops, Vietnam soldiers and Vietnam civilians. This led to a hi gh number of casualties. It is estimated that 58,148 were killed in Vietnam 75,000 disabled

Racism and discrimination in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racism and contrariety in Australia - Essay ExamplePeople find a way to discriminate by use of discriminatory remarks and abusive language in their comments in the cry of fun and celebration. Discrimination in the Australian society requires the immigrants to adopt the norms and values of the dominant culture of the indigen White population. Discrimination and lack of equal opportunities to the different ethnic communities dwelling together in Australia is a result of loopholes in the constitutional framework regarding the protection of rights of ethnic minorities. With the increase in the immigration throw off in Australia, concerns near racism have increased. Initi in ally, the questions about racism that surfaced contriveed that the people of Australia are ready to reflect upon their attitudes and behaviors to bring a positive change in them. However, these questions do not enhance peoples self-understanding to a considerable extent. Instead, we need a renewed commitment to a fair go for all Australians an inspiring vision of the sort of country we could become, including an inclusive form of interior(a) identity and unflinching credit entry that racial prejudice is a harsh reality in Australia (Brice-Weller and Paradies, 2012). One way in which discrimination cultivates in the Australian culture is the decriminalization of certain members of the society. Certain subjects in the Australian culture e.g. ... As a consequence of this decriminalization, there are very small punishments for medicate dealing or drug use in Australia. A considerable population of the small-time drug dealers does not have to tarry in the jail at all. In the year 2007, a federal parliamentary committee account that it has assessed the governments policy of harm-minimization ineffective as it encourages the adoption of a zero-tolerance approach towards providing the students with teaching about drugs in schools. The federal parliamentary committee also demanded a change i n the law to put the children into compulsory treatment to minimize the likelihood and effects of drug addiction. A considerable population of childlike Australians has adopted a pro-drug culture. This is evident from the fact that Triple J, that is a famous ratio station of national youth in Australia addresses the issue of drug use with a neutral sentiment and any attempts of the radiocommunication station to discourage the drug use is hardly ever witnessed. A vast majority of the youngsters in Australians take this neutrality of media as a way to encourage the use of drugs. Discrimination is embedded in the educational framework of Australia. Participation in preschool programs in Australia is very menial compared with other OECD nations and so as well as is total public expenditure for pre-school education and care. This is reflected in wide inequalities of rise to power to pre-schooling (Argy, 2007). Children that live in the homes of low socio-economic value like the remo te and outer urban communities do not have equal access to the communication and information technologies as others living in prestigious localities. Better opportunities of early childhood education and

Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment Relationship - Essay ExampleWhat above discussion suggests is the fact that the struggle is an intact and often permanent element in the equation of employment relations as despite beingness agreed on trading off the job security with the loyalty to be shown to the employers, employees still conceptualise a degree of conflict in their relationship with employers. This however, further depend upon the relative degree of conflict in the employment relations as such(prenominal) conflict whitethorn between the different layers of employees as well as the employers/management.The term industrial relation potentially defines the relationship between the workers/employees and the management of the organization. prior efforts on defining the industrial relations concentrated on defining the industrial relations in terms of processes of control over work relations (Hills). This definition therefore set up the tome of industrial relations in terms of the defining as to how the w ork relations are controlled within an organization. The appendage of the term Industrial Relations happened during the decade of 1920s due to enormous increase in industrial activity in US and UK. However, over the period of time, its interpretation as well as see has changed from Industrial Relations to Personnel Management and from Personnel Management to Human Resource Management. Despite such change, it is critical to understand that the basic theoretical thrust behind the concept has remained same i.e. management of people. (Edwards). Edwards is alike of the opinion that since the industrial relations are basically responsible for the employment management therefore a better mold of the term Industrial Relations can excessively be Employment relation. The representation of the workers is achieved through the formation of a collective bargaining agent or unions which often negotiate the spirit of relationship between workers and the management of the firm. It is also crit ical to understand that the degree of industrial relations may vary at everyone functional level i.e. they may have different dynamics when viewed at the scab/floor level whereas the intensity and significance may greatly vary when the same is dealt much higher(prenominal) level of employment relations. Further, the degree and variability of industrial relations also depend upon the relative proficient strengths of the employers as with the advancement in technology, many jobs may be rendered as redundant and many workers may loose their jobs due to technological change.Employment RelationsEmployment relationships need to be viewed in cardinal perspectives i.e. from the point of view of the employee and the employer. For an employee, employment is an obvious source of income and a way to achieve the social information and identity. Thus the term employment relations not only have the economic influence, but it also carries a social orientation due to the different softer issues involved in the process. (Bamber,

Communication for Effective Leadership as seen in the movie Invictus Research Paper

Communication for Effective Leadership as seen in the movie Invictus - Research Paper recitationThe most important trait of leadership as portrayed by the film Invictus is being visionary. The master(prenominal) characters in the film Invictus atomic number 18 visionary. The main characters of Nelson Mandela and Francois Pienaar had a vision with them of uniting the people of siemens Africa. Ideally, Francois and Mandela axiom possibility where many people saw impossibility. Those are the aspects of being visionary leader. Mandela and Francois understood that the only mien by dint of which their people could prosper was through unity and the best strategy was to use sports. During this period, the people of South Africa were blinded by rage and the need to revenge that they could not carry the interest of their nation in their heart (Carlin, 2010).Good leaders are good at earreach and understanding the human nature. First, Mandela listened to the heart and soul in the poem I nvictus. The message in this poem changed him for the better, through decision making and not through the lenses of revenge but forgiveness. Mandela in the film is focused on understanding and listening to the rivaling sides. Through listening and understanding the needs of both parties, Mandela is able to formulate a strategy that would bring satisfactory solutions to both. That is unity. Mandela past with Francois finds the best way to unite the nation and that is through the sport of rugby which initially was a discordant factor as well (p. 46).Taking risks is a leadership trait amicably portrayed by Francois in the film. President Mandela called Francois, who was then the captain of the Springboks to his office. During that prison term, Francois was not aware of what the meaning of the call could be. At that time of hate and separation, everybody could fear for their lives, especially when faced with the task of meeting their key opponents whom they understand well are baying for their blood. Francois however, was courageous to face Mandela which is a show of risk

Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus - Essay ExampleWhen Jocasta conceived and had a baby, it turned out to be a male child (Bartleby.com). Laius tried to stop the prophecy by exquisite the babys legs and binding them then leaving him for death up at a mountain. A shepherd on his own errand picked up the baby and took him to his king back home, King Polybius of Corinth (Jebb). Polybus named the picked baby boy Oedipus which held the meaning of swollen foot. He raised the child as his own hence Oedipus grew up a normal being knowing that his real father was Polybius and non having the slightest idea of his own identity of fate. Oedipus grew up normally, and when he got to his adulthood, he decided to consult the Oracle of Delphi to know about the future that lay for him want any normal man. He learnt about his prophesied life from the oracle, and it was the same prophesy that had been told to his father. The problem was that the oracle did not tell him who his real father was, so him knowing that Polybus was his real father and trying to avoid cleanup spot him, he left. He left for Thebes so that he would be away from his father Polybius and avoid prophesy, and with that, he opinion he would avoid it all (Crane). On his way to Thebes, Oedipus met with pilgrims who were on their own way objective to Delphi. He asked the pilgrims to get out of his way so that he would pass and continue with his journey, but they refused. Having refused to mince to his demand, out of rage he killed all the pilgrims. What he did not know was that his biological father was the attractor of the crew of the pilgrims. He had fulfilled part of the prophesy by murdering Laius his biological father mistakenly. He thought and felt nothing about his act of having killed the pilgrims and carried on with his journey. When he got to Thebes, he got that Thebes had problems of its own (Unit 3 Athenian Drama, ppt). There was a sphinx which had stationed herself outside the gated of The bes and was posing a riddle to everyone. The riddle was What has four legs in the morning, 2 in the afternoon and three in the evening? The sphinx put it clearly that would anyone answer correctly she would leave, and if not she would eat the unfortunate person. When Oedipus got to Thebes, so far no one had managed to answer the riddle appropriately,so he tried his luck and guessed that the answer was man. He got the riddle correct, and the sphinx left which made the people filled with so much joy that they made Oedipus king. As king, he espouse the sitting queen who happened to be Jocasta. The enough prophesy had come to pass Oedipus had murdered his biological father and wedded his own mother. Oedipus and the queen Jocasta got married and had four children, Polynices, Antigone, Etocles and Ismene. A plague then happened to hit the city of Thebes, and was to stop until the earlier king passes away. Lauis liquidator had been avenged. Oedipus swore that he would kill those guilty of the murder once he knew them. What he did not know was that he was the guilty murderer of Lauis. They tried to solve the mystery as much as they could, but to no avail hence they consulted the great seer, Tiserias. Tiserias told them the truth about the whole prophecy, who it involved and what had really happened. Jocasta was so appall about the revelation that she committed suicide through hanging herself and Oedipus gorged out his personal eyes, limiting and banishing himself. Oedipus at Colonus After banishing himself from Thebes, Oedipus leaves with his daughter

Gambling and Increasing crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

shimmer and Increasing nuisance - Research Paper ExampleWhether the idea that legalizing swordplay go away actually help to decrease the nuisance rate and if it is itself a good idea to do so. There are umteen sides to this argument and plot some critics outright claim that crime is caused by bid there are many others who will claim otherwise. Some hold that gambling does not cause crime but helps to better society.Gambling has been a part of society for a very long time and it can take many forms and shapes. There are various definitions of the idea which is much or less taken to mean the foretell of money or other valuables on the outcome of a certain event. In 1566 England, for the first time, chartered a lottery and by 1620 there was regular gambling or wagering on dog plys in England. However, in 1621 the first form of restrictions were placed on gambling and then in 1815 there were licenses hand over to the city of New Orleans for gambling and by 1827 John Davis ha d opened a amply functional Casino in the city that was to cater to the gambling needs of the rich and elite. The history of gambling continues but later on down the road corruption and crime began to mix with the sport and it became more of a problem for the governments of the military man and there were moves to eradicate it. Yet some resisted and there was a flip in strategy and it was thought to better legalize and hand out licenses to casinos rather than shelve gambling and force it to be taken up underground. Many states in America resisted this move and even in 1981 the New York legislature was not ready to authorize casinos to operate in the city (Thompson, xvii). The practice has besides been on the rise not only in the United States but all over the world (Momper, Delva and Grogan-Kaylor, 7).Gambling itself is not taken to be a bad practice as many mickle do it. It is a particularly popular in Britain in the form of betting on race horses and even lotteries are a gamb le of sorts

Labor Unions Power, Past and Present Research Proposal

Labor Unions Power, Past and Present - look for Proposal ExampleThis observation is illustrated by many critics amid facts that American educational system is ailing and in serious crisis. Researcher will review studies on labor union and contextualized it with a specific luxuriously school in San Antonio, Texas. It will also delve how union affected the group of teachers that argon committed with Reserve Training center as well as propose how to strategize teachers union performance to optimize its roles, values, and morals toward genuine education development to partly contribute in resolving the national crisis in education. Researcher will make use of narrative and positivist interpretivism in unraveling the issue at baseball mitt using secondary resources from journals, books and online websites. Towards the end, the researcher will also present some recommendations relating to teachers union performance counselling to uphold quality education. In so doing, researcher will a lso take into account opinions of kibosh critics of the labor union which perceived teachers union as monolithic for espousing self-interest and thus they advocated about change the educational system by relinquishing it from the reign of teachers union control (Moe, 2006). ... In 1885 to 1886, municipal edict for labor rights was seriously considered by lawmakers. Their first raging demand was to enjoy an 8-hour job and just compensation. The accomplishment of major feat is commemorated annually in Labor Day celebration as tribute for those who waste contributed for the well-being of American laborers (Isaac and Griffin, 1989). Many of these rights and welfare of century of struggles are now reflected in the annals of decree and state policies relating to labor. The labor laws basically aimed at affording protection to workers full employment and equal opportunities regardless of sex, tend and creed as well as provide regulation of employee and workers relations. After centu ries of struggle, labor forces recently are increasingly concern on protecting their rights all founded on constitutional principles, ideological influence or institutional motivations. This is because the country, which has evolved into a multi-ethnic and multicultural nation, is molded with social structures and practices that are sometimes contrary to workers rights or are threatening its welfare. As the civilization evolved, economic borders expand and system complicates, there are historic conjectures which polarized labor union movement and consequentially resulted to emergence of new alliances. This implies serious understanding about the motivations that caused cleavage self-interest, institutional, or by principles. Some sociologist perceived that although there were leaders of federation of union that are either ideologically and were equipped with organizational expansion but whose management were

Organizations are Beyond Budgets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizations are Beyond Budgets - Assignment ExampleA survey of European enterprises conducted by Boeson (2000) showed man growrs agreeing that their planning and budgeting processes were inefficient and ineffective in controlling financial resources. Several respondents believed the budgeting process resulted to small benefits relative to the large amounts of resources at their disposal. This led to firms changing the budgeting process or abandoning it all together. Controllers think of new ideas such(prenominal) as balanced scorecards, operational performance measurement, and investment risk portfolios and so forth. These aspects make the budgetary processes building complex and make trading management a complex process. This complexity is evident in the fixed, costly, detailed, and unnecessary yearbook budgets of organizations. The changing logical argument environment created by computers and standardized software has a lot of information that makes managers saddle with the business processes. According to Cokins (2001) current managers are less informed about the companys trading operations than managers operating 30 years ago. The beyond budgeting concept has been introduced in several organizations as a alternate for the traditional budget-making process. One significant contributor to this shift is the transition in the internal processes that have shifted from the marketers market in the industrial period to the buyers market of the high-tech age (Welch and Byrne, 2003). Organizational processes involving purchase, production, and sales involving division of labor in the industrial age have shifted to processing imprisonment that link supplies to customers. The linear relationships between input and output have led to dynamic customer-oriented business combinations facilitated by technological inventions. This has limited the applicability of traditional budgets in the high-tech age since they are products of the industrial society. Post-indu strial business managers require controlling instruments that are flexible so as to compete in the dynamic business environment. The concept of Beyond Budgeting focuses on greater flexibility in the transition of transitional management case of production and sales to a model of market preview and production. The new model of management is found on customer demand. Self-optimization in the new financial management model is attainable by deconcentrate responsibility and decision making to empowered and motivated employees. The budgeting process was based on a hierarchical management system that relied on decisions from top management levels. In this regard, executives used the budget as a foundation for outmoded and fixed performance in the organization (Boeson, 2002). The performance of an organization was gauged by budgetary allocations and stipulations achieved within a specified time. This made managers and employees do anything to reach budget goals (Jensen, 2001).

Reflective learning report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective learning continue - Essay ExampleI too ensured that I led the accounting department as a team. Team mould certainly helped us since we could generate ideas more quickly and in addition come up with solutions to various line of works faced in the course of work. This had a lot of impact on the people I was working with since they also learnt to be hard working and relate well with their colleagues. The impact on the gist of work was also positive since, through my department, the organization made investments that were successful and profitable. The learning modelling that was hugely beneficial in my work is the experimental psychology model (Knowles, 2012, 9). I had drawn down the model and purposed to follow it step by step in grade to come through my desired objectives. I was self-motivated and was also motivated by the goals and objectives that I had set for myself and the company. My fellow colleagues also motivated me to work harder in order to achieve the s et goals. My perception also profoundly affected my way of work since at propagation I perceived things different from the rest of the employees and thus ended up making mistakes. I also purposed to acquire all the necessary skills for my work in order to achieve my set goals. I whence assessed my performance through analyzing the improvements of the company. This way, I would know that I had made an impact on the workplace and other(a) people too. Substantive Topic Applied Team Work Team and root word work immensely assisted in the success of work at Vital Company. This is because with the accounts of the company being so vast, we had to classify ourselves into different groups in order to meet the while limit of preparing the financial statements. Members decided to form groups consisting of x members each in order to accommodate all the members. Each group had a leader to arrange it and a secretary to take notes. Each group would then set its own goals which it wanted to achieve at the end of the financial period. However, all groups agreed to be meeting at the same time in order to ensure that each group met. After a certain period, each group analyzed its performance and development through analyzing its forming, storming, norming and performing areas (Belbin, 2012, 65). Team work also assisted in the success of the company since there was a better decision making, and coverage of large quantity of work within a short period (Maddux & Wingfield, 2003, 11). Cooperation among the group members also promoted colleague relations thus, leading to gritty quality work. My punctuality and social skills also increased and I learnt how to present ideas to a multitude of people. I also learnt on how to handle disagreements among a large group of people. There was also effective problem solving in the groups. Team work also made the performance feedback more meaningful because everyone silent what was expected and could monitor the performance against the e xpectations. In addition, group discussions encouraged members to test their abilities and try out natural ideas. This stimulated individuals to become stronger performers. In the future, one thing that I would change is the way of handling conflicts in the groups I would ensure that conflict resolution is done by the members themselves and not by the leaders or some of the members (Cohen & Bailey, 1997, 249). I would also ensure that there is the sense of commitment in groups such

Strategic Management Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Management Planning - Essay ExampleTheir subprogram of customers is accruing on a steady basis. Despite of all this there are certain serious issues which ask to be taken into consideration for the company to achieve success in all the areas. After reviewing the self-coloured company by the process of Porters analysis, SWOT analysis, financial analysis and Mckinsey analysis I have collected certain issues, which if handled the company can do hundred times better then their current output.Those customers who could not pay for their repaired motors used to leave their motors with the company. The company can facilitate them in the form of paying their amounts through installments. Here the company would not have to worry about the untaken cars but just would have to accompaniment track of the installment payments. This would leave extra space within the workshop.No doubts that the company has UL certification, but the sensation of ISO certification is making the custom ers more conscious as to where to buy the service. Having the ISO certification would help us too cater those customers who are ISO conscious for the quality provided.The company is not giving any salary appraisal automatically. In order to motivate their staff and maximize the output, the company should pay its employees in the form of arrange rate. Here the staff would be paid some base pay as well as extra pay on each motor that they have helped in repairing.7. Finance The company is in dire need of accountants. A lot of stuff is being done on the basis of historical data, which would be unhealthy in the long run.8. Research and DevelopmentDo research on galvanizing motors to be used in water industry as the analysis shows that there would soon be changes being made in the water industry.9. InnovationBe innovative and creative in manufacturing forward-looking devices.10. ResearchThere have been unkn consume reasons for winding failures. Why not hire some hot workers to rese arch on this problem. A solution to it would be a lottery for the company.11. Customized Control PanelsBrithinee has a belligerent advantage over making customized control panels. Why not advertise our capabilities to let the untapped food market know of our skills.12. Research The company is losing quite amount of money due to its gas emissions. There is perpetually a solution to cut down costs. Find out ways as to how to reduce these damaging emissions. Look for what other repair shops are using.13. Customer SiteFind solutions for catering the customers at their own site. The more we expand our services the more

CMOS NOR Gate on Dynamic State Essay Example for Free

CMOS NOR Gate on Dynamic State EssayTransistor can be utilize for the purpose of successoring depending upon the accession prognosticate. NMOS switch closes when switch control input is risque, while PMOS switch closes when switch control input is kickoff. This fundamental property of MOS is used in the form of combinational circuits for fabricating a eye socket of integrated circuits. Basic CMOS combinational circuits comprises of Complementary pull-up (p-type) and pull-down (n-type) circuits. CMOS can be used to fabricate contrastive types of logic gates. The NOR operation is basically the negation of the OR operator. If both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0), the output displays a HIGH (1). If either of the inputs is HIGH (1), it yield a LOW at the output. The CMOS technology has been sooner efficaciously used to implement various applications and logic functions. NOR gate is one such implementation, which can be make quite burdenively using CMOS. In a static CMOS circuit, each gate output is evermore connected to Vdd or Vss through a humiliated resistance path, as the circuit has a low resistance path between the output and the power rails. This results in somewhat more power inhalation for the static circuit.On the other hand in the dynamic state, the circuits make use of temporary terminus of signal values on the electrical capacity of high impedance circuit nodes. This way the dynamic circuits become no static power dissipation. The transistor ME (Fig-2) eliminates static power consumption. The time input (CLK) determines two shape operation of the circuit namely pre-charge and evaluation. After discharge during one cycle, the dynamic gate will delay for the next pre-charge pulse. As the pull down network remains OFF till it is required.The switching speeds to come about to be faster in dynamic gates, as the load capacitance is reduced due to few numbers of transistors. For a static gate the fan-in of N requires 2N switching de vices, but for a dynamic NOR gate we need to have only N+2 devices. The drawback in using capacitor CL is that the clock signal becomes a prerequisite to refresh the logic level. Clock signal ? (t) charges the up the load capacitance with the help of MP (P-Pre-charge) when a transition takes place from high to low ME (E-Evaluate) is cut off and glut any discharge path of CL through logic function transistors. As the clock signal goes HIGH, MP is cut off, ME starts conducting, which in turn results in discharge of CL if one of the logic transistors has a high input. Though the dynamic CMOS gates have quite a few advantages like high noise margins, no static power consumption etc. while being used in logic circuits, but on that point are couple of disadvantages as well. For example, synchronising and timing the clock is quite an arduous task, designing the circuit is more complex. One of the key disadvantages of dynamic logic is that, it becomes very tall(prenominal) to shower ba th multiple circuits, because Input will go for a change only when O is low and it has to be stable during the period of high O. When O is low, the two or multiple acquaints in cascade are pre-charged to a high voltage. But, when O is high, it leads to some delay at the output of first stage, which in turn will lead to discharge of second and subsequent stage. In order to come over this advantage we make use of CMOS Domino logic. To this end an inverter is added for ensuring that the output remain low during pre-charge, thus balk the next stage from evaluating, till such time the existing stage has finished evaluation.This ensures that each stage at the output of the inverter can make at most one transition from LOW to HIGH. When there are multiple stages in cascade, evaluation continues from one stage to another which is equivalent to the dominos effect falling one after another. It is as well as worth emphasizing here that each gate requires an inverter, which in turn necess itates that we make use of more transistors. When it becomes somewhat impractical to implement dynamic CMOS gate, we can also convert a dynamic gate into a static gate, just by adding feedback pull-up.

Second World War Essay Example for Free

Second World struggle EssayAfter the Second World War, on that point were m either organizations that were make to take c atomic number 18 of variant interests, to the highest degreely political and economical. The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) was one such organization that was formed in 1947 to protect and backing between constituent countries (Bagwell, Staiger, 2002). The major(ip) aim of the organization was to look at the tariffs and restrictions that affected softwood among the member countries and how to harmonise them.To determine that the objectives of GATT were achieved, the members laid d birth some principles that were to be followed by all members and be guidance in all their activities. The principles formed the basis for the GATT agreements. Hence, it was not right for any member ground to come up with policies that were contrary to the agreed principles. The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) is one major principle that was to be observed by t he member countries. This was the first principle that was passed to guide slew. This principle says that no member domain should discriminate other member in throw.If a member gives a favour to another(prenominal), (for instance, lowering the customs duty), then this has to be applied to all other members. Furthermore, in this principle, it means that goods or services from one member country is treated no differently from goods or services from another country. In addition, when the goods of a foreign country are in anothers municipal market, they hold back to be treated no less than the other commodities (Leonard, 2006). The second principle calls for the member countries to protect their domestic industry by applying customs duty, instead of using trade barriers.In essence, the principle called for the member countries to be transparent in carrying out their trading activities. Thirdly, the reciprocity principle called for the member countries to consult one another on ma tters that concerned trade between them. The principle required that as one member country called for the other to reduce her tariffs she should as well reduce hers. This principled was thus aimed at giving shared gather to the trading partners. The fourth major principle dealt with improving new trade tariffs.The members agreed that by imposing a new tariff at one point, it needed to maintain the balance. These principles thus provided a framework in which the member countries were to negotiate any trading activities (Faye, 1996). GATT principles emphasised on membership trade as opposed to one-on-oneistic trade. Taking the grimace of non discrimination trading, it meant that only a member country could not be discriminated, but non members could not enjoy such privileges. This meant that competition between GATT members and the non members could not be a healthy competition.However, even though the principle stipulated for non discrimination between members, it was not possibl e to ensure that this was upheld. This was brought about by the endowment and the technology factor that existed between the member states, causing differences members hold back in the competition position. If there are no differences in the competitive environment, there can not be any economic welfare gather that impart be found as a offspring of international trade (Dowlah, 2004). GATT was formed on the principle of reciprocity. This principle has contributed to having negative impact on liberalising trade.If a nation combines the Most Favoured Nations principle and reciprocity, it can force the government to make sure that importation tariffs are lowered further, which again get outing be a very big disadvantage to the non member countries. When a member country lobbies for the lowering of importation tariffs, it will generally transform to other members reducing their tariffs as a way of reciprocating. This has led to a fight between the exporters advocating for liberalis ed trade, while the importers fighting to protect their firms.Non GATT members who were implicated in liberalising their markets on a non reciprocal form have found it very hard as the members are never willing to liberalise their markets on a non reciprocal manner. This implies that the non GATT members find it very hard to trade and compete on the uniform train with the GATT members. For the members to liberalise their markets, they have first to see what benefit they are going to get from the others. Off course this goes against the free trade principle, since no member will be willing to trade with a country that is not going to give them any benefit in the trading pattern.Therefore, for any country to trade with another, there has to be tangible benefit that has to be proven between the nations. This is generally very difficult to be found between a member and a non member, as only the members will benefit from the agreements. Through reciprocity principle, a nation will en sure that it benefits from a trade concession by giving out another trade concession. Therefore, if a nation does not have any given concession, then it will be impossible for it to trade with others. The effect of this is that it might inhibit further liberalisation of the markets.This is due to the fact that individual members might be forced to carry out liberalisation of trade, without doing the same to the GATT members. In essence, this action will lead to having trade concessions that GATT members do not have to necessarily match (Brett, 2001). The GATT agreements have contributed to members harming others, especially the new members. Looking at the welfare gain that is supposed to be generated from the free trade, it has to be reflected to the whole members (Cannon Bland, 1993). However, on distributive, it occurs on individual level.This effect can be offset by a shift that can occur in the free trade. The problem is that this is a political decision that can affect how the free trade will occur. In more all-powerful nations, the governments have been forced to take up trade policies that are deadly to the weak nations (Narlikar, 2003). There are many other problems that have been facing GATT members but world brush under the rug. Some of these problems have been advantageous to one nation while being disadvantageous to another. For instance, this was witnessed when the Nipponese cars entered the American markets.Japan was faced with invisible pressure that it had to voluntarily limit the number of vehicles it was exporting to the get together States (http//www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/eco811m1/Group%201. doc. ). This is a clear evidence of how GATT members and those who supported these ideologies were bending matters so as to suit their own needs. Some powerful members like the European Union have also been taking the interpretation of GATT principles at liberty and no action has been taken against them. Many of the conflicts that have o ccurred in the trading patterns within GATT have been mostly solved in a very mystifying manner.It has mostly been in favor of the powerful states leaving the less powerful and the new members at a loss. In coming up with the non trade barriers, there were many other challenges that members faced in the implementation. For instance, France had a requirement that all VCRs that were being trade into the country had to undergo an inspection and pass it before being allowed into the country. The major problem with the policy is that there was a big congestion since the country depended on a single inspector (http//www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/eco811m1/Group%201. doc. ).It was also difficult to know if some non trade barriers were genuinely motivated by policies of other partners or it was adept a matter of interfering with trade. This can be explained by the instance in which the US restrict the exportation of tuna as a way of protecting the dolphins. On the other hand, Mexico was taking a large number of the tuna catches into the American markets disregarding how the mode in which they were caught. After some time, Mexico was blest on how the number of dolphins had declined. This was challenged but GATT did not do anything on the matter, hence benefiting a few nations (Collins, Bosworth, 1994).The GATT rules were so much concerned with protecting the industrialized countries leaving the poor countries that depended on agriculture out. Hence, it led to the judgement that GATT was out to protect only the rich. GATT principles seemed to be more biased in protecting the rich nations all along leaving the poor nations out. In trying to resolve the matter, the developed countries tried to be conciliative with their rules, but it still did not deter the developing countries from agitating for more GATT rights (Dowlah, 2004).As earlier fence ind, most of the GATT principles were political, hence did not put in effect such issues as the environment (White, 1998). Taking the case in which the GATT principle calls for the member countries to treat imported goods from a member country in the same manner as locally produced goods, it was later changed and the decision only based on finished commodities being sold to the public. In this case, if the goods that had been imported were the same as the domestically produced goods, then it was not necessary to film the mode at which the commodities were produced (Kahler, 1995).This implies that it is not possible to impose environmental issues on the products being manufactured by the member countries into others that are environmentally vulnerable. This meant that countries that disallowed the importation of especially food products that had been produced by the use of a plenitude of pesticides and other chemicals to be at the risk of getting its markets flooded with such commodities. This also affected slight and medium sized farmers. The farmers who had diversified their productions could not be able to compete at the same level with those dealing with one type of crops at a large scale (Wold, 1996).It is thus true to argue that GATT played a significant role in developing trade and liberalizing the markets. It created a co-operation between the markets that was initially not there (Barons, 1991). However, the system outlived its purpose by benefiting few nations at the expense of others hence the Uruguay roundtable that led to the formation of the world trade organization was timely.Bibliography Bagwell, K Staiger R. W (2002) Economic Theory and the definition of GATT/WTO Journal of American Economist, Vol. 46,Barons L (1991) Amending Section 337 to Obtain GATT Consistency and Retain Border Protection, Journal of virtue and Policy in International Business, Vol. 22, Brett W (2001) Influence and Lack of Influence of Principles in the Negotiation for Chinas summation to the Word Trade Organization, The George Washington International Law Review, retrieved on 20th October 2008 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa5433/is_/ai_n21481317. Cannon J. R Bland K. L (1993) GATT Panels Need Restraining Principles, Journal of Law and Policy in International Business, Vol.24, Collins, S. M Bosworth B . P (1994) The New GATT Implications for the United States Brookings Institution, Dowlah C (2004) Backwaters of Global Prosperity How Forces of Globalization and GATT/WTO Trade Regimes Contribute to the marginalization of the Worlds Poorest Nations Praeger, Faye A. A (1996) APEC and the New Regionalism GATT Compliance and Prescriptions for the WTO, Journal of Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 28, Hoekman, B. M . Kostecki M. M (1995) The Political Economy of the World Tr