Communicable Diseases

Communicable Disease * Keep in mind all apply fever, swollen LN, rash etc. Scarlet Fever * Cause Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus * Spread via direct contact/droplet * May lead to RF * Uvula/pharynx beefy passing tonsils fix white exudate, pinpoint lesions on palate * Sandpaper rash * Pastina Sign hyperpigmentation at joints * spiel (white furry white strawberry strawberry ) * So throat culture if they have strept/sore throat *** Anybody with a sore throat that comes down to naturalise nurse- do non send them back to class, have them sent for throat culture *** Varicella Infectious before rash and until vesicles insolence * kid slang term go back to school until vesicles are crusted* Strict closing off (from A. those who havent had varicella vaccine B. < 12months of age) * ACUTE PHASE maculopapular rash turns to vesicle with erythematous base oozes and crusts * Itchy scratch dispel/2nd infection * Risk for Reyes Syndrome * Itchiness give Benadryl * PREVENTION vaccina te morbilli (measles) * Koplik spots ( white circumscribed in red in mouth) * May have photophobia exhaust sunglasses * PREVENTION MMR Rubella * Fever is not marked Birth defects if mother exposed in first trimester * **Tylenol for (fever, pain, H/A) * ISOLATE FROM PREGNANT WOMEN Roseola Infantum * HHV6 * Rash appears AFTER a even up in fever * At take chances for febrile seizures-manage temperature Erythema Enfectiosum ISOLATE FROM PREGNANT WOMAN EVEN IF induce CHILD HAS IT. CAN NOT BE AROUND MOM -5th Disease spread via droplet, no specific TX -Stage I slap cheek 1-120days whitethorn last Stage III- RECURRENCE of rash (with ferment temperature change etc) Impetigo* Group A beta hemolytic STREPT, STAPH AUREUS * Insect bite Contact isolation as long as vesicle present * Lesion begin as honey color serum then yellow to brown crusts * Complication postreptococcal glomerulonephritis (decrease urine, change color) * Culture vesicle * Children should remain home from school and d aycare fo 48 hours until on antibiotics or lesions r dry * PREVENTION handwashing, child should not touch lesion, dont share towel etc Pediculosis * Preschooler at increased risk * All socioeconomic classes * Pedicclosis vs. Dandruff (* can brush dandruff out ped. Stays in hair when brushing) * Nit ( egg) louse (insect) DO NO JUMP FORM HEAD TO HEAD, spread via direct contact * Part hair, magnify to Dx * Shampoo, cleanse sheets with HOT water, teach not to exchange combs, headgear Scabies * Happen to anyone* Burrow leaves debris infra skin * Cleanliness is NOT protection * Scabacide Q12h- apply everywhere besides genitalia and face Parastic Infections * Roundworm (GI) hookworm disease (human feces) Pinworm (cecum) * PINWORMS motility intense itching- child doesnt wash hands- touches door knob etc. * PINWORMS may be dosplayed as ADHD problem so itchy PINWORM Dx by anal frustrate tape=lay eggs in anal tissue, examined then by microscope * PINWORM Vermox Tx all house members Fungal roundworm Cruris jock itch Tinea Pedis athlete foot Tinea Capitus ringworm Tinea Corporis skin ( to tx these use po griseofulvin or OTC fungal cream) Conjunctivitis -inclusion (newborn), allergic (in receipt to allergn), gonorrheal (infant passing thru birth canal), bacterial (self limiting, HIGHLY contagious), or via foreign obj (metal) TX Edema cold compress Tx crust warm compress dont want to lay there with warm compress b/c bacterial growth, child dont rub eyesImmunologic Dysfunction (ANEMIA) * *Incidence most prevalent hematologic D/O child * *Etiology decrease reticulocyte count and Hgb * effects amount of Hgb procurable to carry O2 * activity intolerance pallor, no energy, fatigue **Takes a while for H&H to decrease so this wouldnt be first s/s * anemia develops slowly * allow have increased HR and cardiac output to compensate * cluster care, frequent rest periods, gumshoe (SICKLE CELL ANEMIA) * defective Hgb molecule that changes RBC shape to sickle cell * PAIN ex tremeeeeee CRISIS Sickle cells unmake by spleen tangle- hypoxia tissue eschemia necrosis * Most common in African American * fall life span * Each person has different thing that causes crisis ( weather, temperature, elevation) * S/s develop later on 6months because up to 6month fetal Hgb is in use * Crisis Long Term Complications Heart, lung, kidney brain changes blood becomes thicker each prison term * CVA 1 cause death (complication) b/c cerebral occlusion * 4 crisis 1.Vaso-occlusive = entangled cells 2. Aplastic =decreased bone marrow, infection 3. Acute Sequestration Crisis= massive entrapment of RBC in spleen, hypovolemic dishonor 4. Hemolytic = combo glucose 6 and sickle cell * No labs are definitive * No recruittreat s/s * Pain control keep hydrated keep away from things that cause crisis * Dx peripheral smear * Assess all body parts * Moniter I&O, weigh pt